| 翻訳と辞書 |
| NAACP New Orleans Branch ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
NAACP New Orleans Branch
The New Orleans Branch is the oldest continuously active branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People〔Kwame Anthony Appiah, Henry Louis Gates, Jr., eds. ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience,'' in articles "Civil Rights Movement" by Patricia Sullivan and "National Association for the Advancement of Colored People." ISBN 0-465-00071-1.〕 south of Washington D.C. It was formally chartered on July 15, 1915. However, prior to that time, there had been organizational efforts underway to affiliate with this new national civil rights organization which had first organized in New York City in 1909. In 1911, Emanuel M. Dunn, Paul Landix, Sr. and James E. Gayle wrote to the NAACP national office to obtain more information about this "new abolition movement." Apparently, the locals did not wait for formal action from the national office, but proceeded to organize without official sanction.〔Louisiana's Rich History of Protest, Advocacy & Rebellion. http://www.naacplouisiana.com/louisianahistory.html〕
In any case, a surviving copy of the program for the 1917 Annual Meeting indicated that the Branch had been meeting, even without official authorization, since 1911. The January 1916 issue of The Crisis reported that a Branch had been organized in New Orleans. H.C. Casa Calvo and Louis G. King were listed as founding president and secretary respectively. There were twenty founding members. It has been reported that the Branch formally organized in the facilities of Tulane Avenue Baptist Church which was ministered by Rev. Eugene Walter White, who served as one of the early presidents. Tulane Avenue B.C., now Tulane Memorial B.C., met on Tulane Avenue between Claborne and Derbigny Streets. Early members of the Executive Committee (1917) were: Dr. E.W. White, President; L.B. Vigne, Vice President; E.M. Dunn, Secretary; N.B. Flott, Treasurer; Dr. E.T.M. Devore; Dr. E.J. Vincent; Ms. C. Richards; Charles Byrd; Dr. J.H. Thomas; Dr. W.A. Willis; B.N. Petty; Alexander Mollay; and James E. Gayle. In addition, there were several active committees which included: Membership, Finance, Press, Legal Redress, Grievance, and Education.
One of the Branch's earliest actions was the presentation of a petition containing more than 5,000 signatures to Mayor Martin Behrman protesting the use of Negro women prisoners as street cleaners. The Branch could do little more than protest since only a handful of Negroes were registered to vote. Most black voters had been removed from the rolls by the end of the 19th century. While there had been nearly 135,000 black voters across the state in 1896, by 1910, there were less than 1,000 black voters throughout the state. Plessey v. Ferguson which gave legal approval to racial segregation bore much bitter fruit for the future. It would take many years of bitter tears and unending toil and even innocent lives to undo the effects of this decision.
== Getting the word out ==
The Plessey decision involved racial segregation on railroad cars; but segregation followed in quick succession on street cars, theaters, sporting matches and jails and prisons. "Separate but equal" schools were mere empty words, as the city of New Orleans failed to provide a single public high school for Negroes prior to 1915. Therefore, high on the agenda for the new leaders of the Branch was improved educational facilities and opportunities for black citizens. Under the leadership of the Rev. White, the Branch organized a Branch newspaper, ''The Vindicator'', to publicize its program and to appeal for financial support. The Branch secretary, Emanuel Dunn served as editor and manager of the paper. In 1921, Rev. White was succeeded by one of his deacons, Dr. George W. Lucas, who made the Branch into an effective voice for Negro protest. Throughout the 1920s, the Branch raised funds as it raised its voice in protest against the poll tax, the white Democratic primary, segregated neighborhoods and police brutality against black citizens and the proposed closing of the Joseph Craig School. The school board ultimately reconsidered its decision.〔Sullivan, Patricia. ''Lift Every Voice: The NAACP and the Making of the Civil Rights Movement''.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「NAACP New Orleans Branch」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|